A stoma is a surgically created opening on the abdomen. Because it does not have voluntary sphincter control, stool or urine will pass through the stoma into a pouching system. If stoma care or peristomal skin care is not done properly, it can lead to skin irritation (dermatitis), leakage, and other complications. Good stoma care helps protect the skin and reduces distress in daily life.

1) Using antiseptics to clean the stoma

Antiseptic solutions—especially alcohol-based products—can irritate the stoma and the surrounding skin.

Do instead: Clean with warm water or fragrance-free water-based wipes. Avoid products with strong additives, fragrances, or harsh chemicals.

2) Cutting the pouch opening to the wrong size

·   Opening too large: Output may contact the peristomal skin, causing redness, skin breakdown, or ulcers.

·   Opening too small: The baseplate edge may rub the stoma, causing bleeding or injury, and may affect circulation if it is too tight.
Professional tip: Measure the stoma regularly. The cut-out should be about 3 mm larger than the stoma.

3) Not changing the baseplate regularly—or not changing it immediately when leaking

If there is significant leakage or the skin becomes whitened/softened (macerated) but the baseplate is not replaced, the skin may be exposed to output for too long, leading to severe irritation and dermatitis.

Do instead: Change the baseplate based on stoma type and output, and replace it immediately if leakage occurs.

4) Using inappropriate stoma products around the stoma

Applying lotions or ointments without a stoma nurse’s advice may leave an oily layer that reduces adhesion, leading to poor seal and leakage.

Do instead: Use stoma powder and skin barrier spray/wipes as recommended.

5) Heavy lifting or strenuous abdominal exercise

Heavy lifting or activities that increase abdominal pressure can raise the risk of parastomal hernia (bulging near the stoma) or stoma prolapse (the bowel protruding outward).

Do instead: Avoid heavy lifting and exercises that strain the abdominal wall. Ask a stoma nurse whether an abdominal support belt is appropriate.

When to seek help

If you have persistent leakage, skin breakdown, bleeding, severe pain, or suspect stoma-related complications, consult a specialist stoma  nurse promptly to avoid delaying necessary treatment.

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